A submarine buoy (full name: moored buoy observation system) is a comprehensive marine observation platform that is permanently anchored to the seabed, with its main body suspended in seawater. It is secured to the seabed via an anchoring device and connected to an underwater buoy via a mooring cable, enabling an instrument chain equipped with various sensors (such as temperature-salinity-depth profilers, current meters, dissolved oxygen sensors, and bio-optical devices) to vertically suspend in the target water layer. Its core value lies in its ability to conduct continuous, automatic observations underwater for months or even years in a concealed and stable manner, unaffected by adverse surface weather conditions or vessel interference. The moored buoy serves as an "underwater weather station" in the deep sea, collecting detailed physical, chemical, biological, and dynamic process data (such as temperature, salinity, ocean currents, internal waves, nutrients, chlorophyll, etc.) from critical water layers (such as the thermocline). This provides crucial long-term continuous observational data for research into ocean circulation, climate change, ecological evolution, underwater acoustic environments, and fisheries resource management.
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