The working principle of underwater smart buoys mainly includes several key steps such as data collection, data processing and transmission.
Data collection: Underwater smart buoys collect water quality parameter data in real time through high-precision sensors installed on the buoys. These sensors can detect a variety of water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃N), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), etc. For example, dissolved oxygen can be monitored by electrochemical or optical methods, while pH monitoring usually uses pH electrodes.
Data processing: The collected data will be transmitted to the central data management platform or cloud service in real time through wireless communication technologies (such as 4G/5G, LoRa, Wi-Fi, etc.). These platforms use advanced data analysis tools to process and analyze the data, including monitoring water quality parameters, trend prediction and anomaly detection. The analysis results are displayed to users in real time through a graphical interface, including charts, maps and dashboards. When it is detected that the water quality parameters exceed the preset threshold, the system will automatically issue an alarm.
Data transmission: The data transmission system is responsible for transmitting the data obtained by the monitoring equipment to the monitoring center on shore in a timely and accurate manner. Common transmission methods include GPRS, 4G/5G, Beidou satellite communication, etc. These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, GPRS communication has a wide coverage and low cost, and is suitable for areas with good signal coverage; while 4G/5G communication has the characteristics of fast transmission speed and high stability, which can meet the needs of fast transmission of large amounts of data